The need to produce renewable energy has become essential. Indeed, it allows to be autonomous and even to resell the surplus. The wind turbine is an efficient way to produce green energy. Since it does not depend on the seasons, as is the case with photovoltaic panels, it is a more appreciated solution.
In this case, it becomes interesting to install a domestic wind turbine. However, the installation of a wind turbine is subject to various constraints that it is necessary to know.
The choice of the type of installation
The type of installation is one factor that determines the need for authorization and its nature. In addition, to choose the type of installation, it is essential to define the house’s energy needs and the device’s capacity to produce electricity. However, whatever the type of wind turbine to be installed, it is mandatory to consult the local urban plan or PLU.
The horizontal wind turbine
This type of wind turbine usually has 3 blades facing the wind and connected to a hub. The force of the wind turns the propeller which drives the hub. The hub then turns the gearbox and the alternator (which produces electricity).
The vertical wind turbine
This type of wind turbine is mounted on a vertical nacelle with special propellers. Of course, the vertical wind turbine is less profitable, but it can work even with a very weak wind. It is, therefore, suitable for locations where the wind speed is unstable.
The administrative steps to installing a wind turbine
Installing a wind turbine for domestic use must comply with certain specific rules.
The declaration of work
As soon as you wish to install a wind turbine, it is mandatory to inform the town hall of the locality concerned. This declaration is mandatory and can be accompanied by request for a building permit.
The building permit
The building permit only concerns installations of more than 12 meters high (from the ground to the top, depending on its location). To apply for a building permit for the installation of a wind turbine, you must put together a file including the following elements:
- The application form
- Information on the location of the installation (ground plan, sectional plan, and frontage plan of the installation)
- Data on the analysis of the influence of the installation on the neighborhood (landscape, noise pollution, and the conduit of the electric cable)
- The state of the land before the installation
- The agreement of the people (neighbors) impacted by the project
The various prohibitions concerning the installation of wind turbines
In addition to the administrative procedures, it is also essential to take into account certain crucial points during the installation of the wind turbine.
The choice of the land
The consultation of the local urban plan mentions if it is possible to install a wind turbine in the area. Thus, in protected areas, areas classified as “historical monuments” and military zones, the installation of wind turbines is prohibited.
The connection to the electrical network
Apart from self-sufficiency, the resale of surplus electricity produced is also enjoyable. However, your area must be in a ZDE or wind development zone for this to be possible.
In addition, to claim a resale of the electricity produced, it is still necessary to evaluate the potential and profitability of your wind turbine. It is only when certain profitability is reached that the sales process can be initiated.
The neighborhood
A wind turbine, even a domestic one, generates noise pollution. It is essential to take this possibility into account. In any case, it is mandatory to respect certain distances concerning the location of your wind turbine. For example, a 12-meter high installation must not be placed less than 6 meters from the property line; this distance is 5 meters for a 10-meter high wind turbine.
Technical constraints
In addition to the regulations, technical constraints must also be considered. Thus, the choice of location must also take into account the exposure to the wind. This is especially important to optimize the performance of the wind turbine.
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